实体攻击¶
实体攻击是一个需要多个系统协同的复杂话题，要让一个实体正确地攻击目标，你需要：
- 移动与导航能力，以便接近目标
- 目标选择组件，确定攻击谁
- 攻击类型组件，定义如何攻击
- 伤害与效果的配置
移动准备¶
在实体能够攻击之前，它需要先能够移动并导航到目标。请先阅读实体移动教程，确保你的实体具备基本的移动和导航能力。
不移动的实体也需要导航组件
即使是固定不动的实体（如炮塔），也需要导航组件——否则实体无法定位要射击的目标。
选择目标¶
触发敌对行为¶
最常用的目标选择组件是minecraft:behavior.nearest_attackable_target，它让实体主动搜索并锁定符合条件的目标：
"minecraft:behavior.nearest_attackable_target": {
"must_see": true,
"reselect_targets": true,
"within_radius": 25.0,
"must_see_forget_duration": 17.0,
"entity_types": [
{
"filters": {
"test": "is_family",
"subject": "other",
"value": "player"
},
"max_dist": 48.0
}
]
}
其他可用的目标选择组件：
| 组件 | 说明 |
|---|---|
minecraft:behavior.nearest_attackable_target | 锁定满足过滤条件的最近实体 |
minecraft:behavior.nearest_prioritized_attackable_target | 支持在每个过滤条件上设置priority字段，更精细地控制目标优先级 |
minecraft:behavior.defend_trusted_target | 当被信任的实体受到攻击时，锁定攻击者 |
视线触发¶
minecraft:lookat组件是特殊的一类——它不主动搜索目标，而是被动响应试图与自己对视的实体：
"minecraft:lookat": {
"search_radius": 64.0,
"set_target": true,
"look_cooldown": 5.0,
"filters": {
"all_of": [
{
"subject": "other",
"test": "is_family",
"value": "player"
},
{
"test": "has_equipment",
"domain": "head",
"subject": "other",
"operator": "not",
"value": "carved_pumpkin"
}
]
}
}
过滤器配置¶
通过entity_types中的过滤器，可以精确控制目标范围：
"entity_types": [
{
"filters": {
"any_of": [
{
"test": "is_family",
"subject": "other",
"value": "snow_golem"
},
{
"test": "is_family",
"subject": "other",
"value": "iron_golem"
}
]
},
"max_dist": 24
},
{
"filters": {
"all_of": [
{
"test": "is_family",
"subject": "other",
"value": "player"
},
{
"test": "has_equipment",
"subject": "other",
"domain": "head",
"operator": "!=",
"value": "turtle_helmet"
}
]
},
"max_dist": 24
}
]
上例会攻击雪傀儡、铁傀儡，以及头部没有戴海龟头盔的玩家。
攻击类型¶
以下是四种主要的攻击类型：
| 组件 | 说明 |
|---|---|
minecraft:behavior.melee_attack | 近战攻击，对单个目标造成伤害 |
minecraft:behavior.ranged_attack | 远程攻击，向目标发射弹射物 |
minecraft:area_attack | 范围攻击，对半径内所有符合条件的实体造成持续伤害 |
minecraft:behavior.knockback_roar | 击退咆哮，类似范围攻击但更灵活 |
近战攻击¶
近战攻击最为常见，会造成击退，命中率100%。
"wiki:melee_mode": {
"minecraft:attack": {
"damage": 3,
"effect_name": "slowness",
"effect_duration": 20
},
"minecraft:behavior.melee_attack": {
"priority": 3,
"melee_fov": 90.0,
"speed_multiplier": 1,
"track_target": false,
"require_complete_path": true
}
}
damage可以是一个固定值，也可以是一个范围数组： - "damage": 3 — 每次造成3点伤害 - "damage": [2, 6] — 随机造成2到6点伤害
effect_name和effect_duration（秒）是可选的。可用的效果名称：
可用状态效果列表
speed、slowness、haste、mining_fatigue、strength、instant_health、instant_damage、jump_boost、nausea、regeneration、resistance、fire_resistance、water_breathing、invisibility、blindness、night_vision、hunger、weakness、poison、wither、health_boost、absorption、saturation、levitation、fatal_poison、slow_falling、conduit_power、bad_omen、village_hero、darkness
远程攻击¶
远程攻击组件minecraft:behavior.ranged_attack需要与minecraft:shooter配合，向目标发射弹射物：
"wiki:ranged_mode": {
"minecraft:behavior.ranged_attack": {
"priority": 2,
"ranged_fov": 90.0,
"attack_interval_min": 1.0,
"attack_interval_max": 3.0,
"attack_radius": 15.0
},
"minecraft:shooter": {
"def": "wiki:my_projectile"
}
}
可以使用的原版弹射物标识符：minecraft:arrow、minecraft:fireball、minecraft:small_fireball、minecraft:snowball、minecraft:egg、minecraft:ender_pearl、minecraft:splash_potion、minecraft:lingering_potion、minecraft:thrown_trident、minecraft:wither_skull等。
如果实体手持弩，还需要先充弩后才能射击：
"minecraft:behavior.charge_held_item": {
"priority": 2,
"items": ["minecraft:arrow"]
}
范围攻击¶
minecraft:area_attack会对一定半径内满足过滤条件的所有实体持续造成伤害，不需要目标，类似于原版凋灵花：
"minecraft:area_attack": {
"damage_range": 1,
"damage_per_tick": 2,
"cause": "contact",
"entity_filter": {
"any_of": [
{ "test": "is_family", "subject": "other", "value": "player" },
{ "test": "is_family", "subject": "other", "value": "monster" }
]
}
}
cause字段决定伤害来源类型，这会影响盔甲附魔保护等效果是否生效。
击退咆哮¶
minecraft:behavior.knockback_roar类似范围攻击，但更灵活，可以指定击退距离、击退强度，并在咆哮结束时触发事件：
"wiki:roar_mode": {
"minecraft:behavior.knockback_roar": {
"priority": 2,
"duration": 0.7,
"attack_time": 0.2,
"knockback_damage": 1,
"knockback_horizontal_strength": 1,
"knockback_vertical_strength": 1,
"knockback_range": 5,
"knockback_filters": {
"test": "is_family",
"subject": "other",
"value": "player"
},
"damage_filters": {
"test": "is_family",
"subject": "other",
"value": "player"
},
"on_roar_end": {
"event": "wiki:after_roar"
},
"cooldown_time": 10
}
}
击退咆哮会产生粒子效果，如需禁用可在资源包的particles文件夹中覆盖knockback_roar.json。
进阶：难度自适应攻击¶
通过将不同难度的配置放在各自的组件组中，可以实现难度越高伤害越大的效果：
"wiki:easy_attack": {
"minecraft:attack": { "damage": 2 }
},
"wiki:normal_attack": {
"minecraft:attack": { "damage": 2, "effect_name": "poison", "effect_duration": 10 }
},
"wiki:hard_attack": {
"minecraft:attack": { "damage": 2, "effect_name": "poison", "effect_duration": 18 }
}
进阶：动态切换攻击模式¶
使用组件组和事件可以让实体在近战与远程之间切换。典型的触发条件是目标距离（minecraft:target_nearby_sensor）或环境（minecraft:environment_sensor）。
定义攻击组件组¶
"wiki:ranged_components": {
"minecraft:shooter": { "def": "wiki:projectile" },
"minecraft:behavior.ranged_attack": {
"priority": 3,
"attack_interval_min": 1.0,
"attack_interval_max": 3.0,
"attack_radius": 15.0
}
},
"wiki:melee_components": {
"minecraft:attack": { "damage": 6 },
"minecraft:behavior.melee_attack": { "priority": 3 }
}
定义切换事件¶
"wiki:switch_to_melee": {
"remove": { "component_groups": ["wiki:ranged_components"] },
"add": { "component_groups": ["wiki:melee_components"] }
},
"wiki:switch_to_ranged": {
"remove": { "component_groups": ["wiki:melee_components"] },
"add": { "component_groups": ["wiki:ranged_components"] }
}
定义传感器触发¶
"wiki:switcher": {
"minecraft:target_nearby_sensor": {
"inside_range": 4.0,
"outside_range": 5.0,
"must_see": true,
"on_inside_range": {
"event": "wiki:switch_to_melee",
"target": "self"
},
"on_outside_range": {
"event": "wiki:switch_to_ranged",
"target": "self"
}
}
}
可以有更多攻击模式
攻击模式不限于两种！只要对应地增加组件组、事件和传感器，你可以设计任意多种攻击模式组合。